Dephasing parameters (time, decrement, and angle) and their dependence on pressure; dephasing deceleration and acceleration effects

A detailed mathematical description is developed for the dephasing time $\tau_{ph}$ as a function of pressure in different particle velocity correlation models. New polarization damping parameters (the dephasing decrement $m_{ph}$ and angle $\phi$ are introduced and their dependence on pressure is considered. The thresholds of the appearance of characteristic extrema (the Dicke dip, the peak of the function $\tau_{ph}$ etc.) are calculated for different substances. A "spectron" method is suggested for measuring the polarization damping spectrum using a single laser shot.