The gravitational influence of Venus, the Earth, and Jupiter on the 11-year cycle of solar activity

This paper presents the calculations of the resulting tidal force of Jupiter, Venus, and Earth, that act on the Sun. Considering the tidal forces as the difference of gravitational forces that act on the extreme points of the Sun’s diameter and on the center of the Sun, it is shown that there are large variations in the resulting tidal force (RTF) at the moments of linear configurations of Venus, the Earth, and Jupiter, and that the maximum variations of the RTF are in a strong agreement with the minimum values of the JEV planetary index, as introduced by the author in previous works.