Accuracy in the equilibrium characteristics of electron-photon cascades
Accuracy in the equilibrium characteristics of electron-photon cascades
I.P. Ivanenko, V.V. Sizov
Systematic studies have been done on the differential and integral equilibrium spectra for electrons and photons in showers caused by primary electrons or photons. The spectra as functions of particle energy have been obtained by numerical solution of integral equations from the cascade theory with allowance for polarization, incomplete screening, the Compton effect, and the photoelectric effect. The accuracy has been examined for approximations such as neglecting the electrons rest mass and describing the ionization losses by means of an energy-differential term.
Show AbstractThe energy spectrum of the cascades formed by protons in an emulsion stack exposed in the Interkosmos-6 satellite
The energy spectrum of the cascades formed by protons in an emulsion stack exposed in the Interkosmos-6 satellite
E.S. Vakulenko, V.I. Zatsepin, A.V. Podgurskaya, N.V. Soko'skaya, Ch.A. Tret'yakova, L.A. Khein
Measurements have been made on the energies of cascades formed by primary cosmic-ray protons in a large emulsion stack exposed in the Interkosmos-6 satellite. Stack dimensions $60\times 20\times 40$ cm, exposure time 90 hr. The spectrum relates to the energy range 10-50 TeV and is compared with other experimental data.
Show AbstractHaloes in X-ray emulsion chamber
Haloes in X-ray emulsion chamber
A.K. Managadze, I.A. Mikhailova, I.V. Rakobol'skaya
Measurements have been made on the energy spectra and on the longitudinal and transverse characteristics of haloes of electromagnetic nature observed in a deep lead chamber. It is shown to be possible to determine the energy of the primary particle and the height of the nuclear interaction responsible for the halo from the measured characteristics.
Show AbstractThe role of inelastic collisions in producing the low-energy part of the electron distribution in an inert-gas positive-column plasma
The role of inelastic collisions in producing the low-energy part of the electron distribution in an inert-gas positive-column plasma
A.P. Ershov, V.S. Nikolaev, L.M. Volkova, A.M. Devyatov
Theoretical and experimental determinations of the electron energy distribution for a positive-column plasma have been used with the published data for other heavy inert gases to show that at pressures $p\le 1$ Torr and low discharge currents, a substantial part is played in producing the low-energy part of the energy distributions in this xenon or other heavy inert-gas plasma by inelastic collisions between electrons and atoms, which leads to a Druvestein distribution for this energy range.
Show AbstractA perturbation method of examining radiation spatial statistics in nonlinear media
A perturbation method of examining radiation spatial statistics in nonlinear media
S.M. Babichenko, V.P. Kandidov
A perturbation method is used in a unified approach to the transformation of radiation spatial statistics in a nonlinear randomly inhomogeneous medium. Media with Kerr and thermal nonlinearities are considered with a given spectrum for the dielectric-constant fluctuations. Numerical calculations have been performed on the field-fluctuation variance and the correlation radius for partially coherent radiation.
Show AbstractEffects of metal side walls on the parameters of an open cavity
Effects of metal side walls on the parameters of an open cavity
D.G. Afonin, N.D. Boyarintsev, A.I. Kostienko, A.F. Korolev
Measurements have been made on the parameters of a Fabry-Perot cavity surrounded by a metal shell, in which the radiation is extracted by diffraction. A study has been made of the effects of this shell on the major characteristics: transfer coefficient, natural-mode spectrum, field distribution, and quality factor. It is shown that the coupling holes in the mirrors tend to eliminate the degeneracy in certain mode types.
Show AbstractA resonator based on a transmission-line segment in a high-frequency squid
A resonator based on a transmission-line segment in a high-frequency squid
V.A. Krysanov
A resonator based on a segment of a transmission line is used as an intermediate circuit in a squid, with lumped reactive components at the ends, which enables one to raise the pumping frequency. Formulas are given that enable one to forecast and optimize the fluxmeter parameters, and results are presented on a device having an uncooled preamplifier at frequencies close to 40, 75, and 1000 MHz. An energy resolution of $1,6\cdot 10^{-28}$ J/Hz has been recorded at the upper pumping frequency.
Show AbstractThe electron energy-loss factor in a low-pressure discharge in an alkali-metal vapor
The electron energy-loss factor in a low-pressure discharge in an alkali-metal vapor
A.M. Devyatov, T.N. Solov'ev
A study has been made of the mean proportion of the energy lost by an electron in one collision in a positive discharge column for the vapors of sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium at $E/n_a = (2-20)\cdot 10^{-15} V\cdot cm^2$. The measured and calculated energy-loss factors agree satisfactorily. The main energy loss is due to inelastic collisions between electrons and atoms in the ground state and first excited one.
Show AbstractSelf-action in a light beam with random phase modulation
Self-action in a light beam with random phase modulation
A.S. Chirkin, F.M. Yusubov
Path integration is used with the given-channel approximation to examine the propagation of a beam with random phase modulation in a medium having local and nonlocal nonlinearities. It has been found that the beam radius and the correlation radius vary in the same way. In the case of a self-focusing medium, an expression is obtained for the critical power for waveguide propagation.
Show AbstractParametric light scattering in iodic acid in the region of the OH and OD stretching vibrations
Parametric light scattering in iodic acid in the region of the OH and OD stretching vibrations
Т.V. Laptinskaya, A.G. Mikhailovskii, A.N. Penin
Spontaneous parametric scattering has been used to determine the magnitude and dispersion of the absorption coefficient and the dispersion of the nonlinear susceptibility for crystals of iodic acid and deuteroiodic acid in the range 1200-5000 $cm^{-1}$. The spectrum structures are explained in terms of OH and OD vibrations, as well as numerous higher-order vibrations and Fermi resonance between them.
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