Expressions for the minimal error of measurement of low (≤ 1K) temperature are found; the value of the error is found for the optimal amount of the outer effect. The optimal amount of the outer effect is determined with allowance for two competitive factors: on the one hand, it is desirable to reduce the noise effect (of the sample or the measuring device) on the precision of measurements; on the other, it is also desirable to considerably reduce heating of the sample during measurement. Prom this point of view, several types of low-temperature thermometers were tested: molecular and nuclear paramagnets, NMR-thermometers and thermoresistive thermometers.
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