The role of gravitational fields in stellar physics and the evolution of the universe

The assertion that the gravitational field is a material matter with all the attributes of any other matter (energy density, pressure, four-velocity of the elements, and interaction of the elements with one another and with other material objects) is shown to modify the physical notions of the dynamics of bodies, Riemannian space, the internal structure of a star, the evolution of the universe, etc. Instead of the black holes of the geometrized approach to the theory of gravitation, we have objects with a researchable internal structure, which explains, e.g., the observed attenuation of the boundaries of the emission spectra of matter that falls into supermassive objects. The problem of dark matter is explained. The generally accepted understanding of matter (without adding any free parameters to the theory) is shown to allow a scenario of the universe that is permanently pulsating between the states of the maximum and minimum density of matter. The scenario is shown to be in good agreement with the recent observational data.