Dosimetric Comparison of Radiation Therapy and Proton Therapy in Prostate Cancer Using the Monte Carlo Simulation Platform GEANT4

Prostate cancer is common cancer affecting the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. Cancer develops from the tissues of the prostate when cells there mutate and multiply out of control. These can then spread (metastasize) by migrating from the prostate to other parts of the body, especially the bones and lymph nodes in the pelvis. This type of cancer usually grows slowly, but it can be treated successfully using the different treatment techniques available today. Radiation Therapy and Proton Therapy remain among the most effective techniques for the treatment of prostate cancer, they destroy the cancer cells by blocking their ability to multiply. The main objective of our work is to model the male pelvic area in the form of a mathematical phantom with real dimensions using the Monte Carlo simulation platform GEANT4, to subsequently make a dosimetric comparison between track-structure technique for photon and condensed history technique for proton to find the most effective technique which allows the minimum doses to be deposited in the organs at risk.