The scattering and absorption processes of weakly relativistic electric and scalar particles in Kerr-Newman fields with an event-horizon radius less than the particle wavelength are considered. Particle absorption by the event horizon is due to polarizational phenomena $\sim r_g/\lambda$ in electron scattering. Corrections of the same order to the differential scattering cross section are obtained, together with expressions for the total absorption cross sections. The general formulas are used to consider analogous processes involving the neutrino.
Show AbstractA search is made for short-term increases in the cosmic-ray flux of predominantly heavy nuclei of energy E $\ge$500 MeV/nucleon from the data of measurements on the Prognoz-2 and Prognoz-3 spacecraft. These increases were recorded in the course of the first space flights by Soviet rockets, orbital spacecraft, and the Elektron and Molniya-1 satellites. No such increases were observed by the Prognoz spacecraft. Moreover, the increase on 2 January 1974, observed by the Molniya-1 spacecraft by a telescope consisting of scintillational and Cherenkov counters was not recorded by the analogous devices on the Prognoz-3 spacecraft. Therefore, the nature of the short-term increases in the heavy-nucleus flux remains an open question.
Show AbstractDielectric mirrors on a metallic substrate are investigated taking account of absorption in the layers. Simple formulas are obtained for the reflection coefficient of such mirrors. It is shown that the basic obstacle to the achievement of high values of R is absorption in the dielectric layers, and this is the basis for the selection of the best mirror construction. It is also shown that, under certain conditions, the system consisting of a dielectric mirror on a metallic substrate is a selective absorber of wave energy. Simple expressions are obtained allowing the construction of such an absorber to be calculated and its basic spectral characteristics to be determined.
Show AbstractThe possibility of the propagation of electromagnetic waves with a shock profile cophasally related with a beam of relativistic particles and localized at its leading edge is considered. The conditions of dynamic equilibrium are found, when the energy losses of the wave are compensated by its "pumping" with freezing of the fast particles of the beam in the intrinsic field.
Show AbstractOn the basis of the results obtained earlier in the experimental and theoretical investigation of radiation-optical effects in ruby and leucosapphire, methods of practical importance are developed for the computer prediction of the optical transparency of ruby and the luminescent-noise intensity from a leucosapphire lens of a spacecraft under conditions of cosmic-plasma action. The change in optical density of ruby and the level of luminescent noise from the leucosapphire lens of a spacecraft moving in interplanetary space in the course of a solar flare described by the Bailey method is calculated.
Show Abstract"Peak" conditions of transition of a spin generator to a steady level of oscillation, occurring at large feedback-loop amplification factors, are investigated theoretically and experimentally.
Show AbstractA method of statistical treatment is proposed for the random process of velocity pulsation of a waterway flow, allowing the true values of the given process to be obtained in the specified frequency range.
Show AbstractA mathematical model is constructed for the dynamics of water temperature and dissolved-oxygen concentration in the convective mixing of the upper layer of a reservoir. Satisfactory agreement is obtained between the results of the calculation and experimental data. The validity of the theoretical formula for the turbulent transfer coefficient with convection for Grashof numbers of around $10^9$ is verified. The model may be used to predict the water quality of fresh-water reservoirs in the period of autumnal cooling.
Show AbstractA theoretical analysis of the lightest hypernuclear systems with $A\le 5$ is conducted by means of a multiparticle variational procedure. It is shown that the available experimental data may be described by means of pairwise central spin- and charge-dependent $\Lambda N$ potentials, with possible admixture of the Majorana conponent.
Show AbstractOn the basis of scale theory of localization, it is shown that the activational temperature dependence of the conductivity of two-dimensional systems, usually interpreted by means of the concept of a mobility edge, may be due to the finite value of the characteristic length - the dimension of the system or the diffusional length including the free-path time with respect to inelastic collisions.
Show AbstractFor a singularly perturbed system of differential equations of the theory of semiconductor instruments, three boundary problems are considered. Asymptotic expansions of the solution of these boundary problems with respect to a small parameter are obtained.
Show AbstractWith the aim of discovering practically realizable operations that satisfy the criterion of a "nonperturbing measurement", quantum analysis is performed of a specific measuring system including a test oscillator and a recording element - an RC sensor. It is shown that the sensitivity to external force may be the best characteristic quantum standard if the oscillator is an excited state. For a vacuum state of the oscillator, quantum fluctuations of the RC sensor limit the sensitivity at the typical level $\tau^{-1}(m\hbar\omega_0)^{1/2}$.
Show AbstractAny physical system interacting with the surrounding medium or with N-poles at N points ("poles") is called an N-pole (NP) N(X) in the present work. An autonomous physical system is called a zero-pole (0-pole). Mutually substitutable NP are said to be equivalent NP. Parallel combinations (P combinations) of P are denoted by the previous symbol [1]. On the basis of physical considerations, the basic laws of the algebra of P combinations of NP are taken to be the associative and commutative laws (Al) and (A2), i.e., axioms of each Abelian semigroup. As a consequence of laws (Al) and (A2), formulas analogous to certain axioms of linear algebra are obtained. The relation N(А)$\le$N(В) of shunt neutrality of N(A) with respect to N(B) is determined; a series of formulas expressing its basic properties is presented; it is asserted that they may be used in simplifying P combinations; and it is noted that this ratio is analogous to the inclusion relation $Х\subset Y$ of sets X and Y and also to the relation of partial order in semilattices (semistructures) and, in particular, in Boolean algebra.
Show AbstractThe diffraction of laser beams with a smooth profile of the intensity distribution is investigated using a method based on the representation of the diffracted wave in the form of a superposition of TEM free-space modes. The field distribution of waves diffracted at a "soft" diaphragm and at the end of the gas-discharge capillary of a waveguide laser is calculated. The results of the calculation are verified experimentally.
Show AbstractA general solution of the problem of optical-radiation propagation in a moving medium is constructed in the approximation of nonlinear geometric optics. The beam distortion is analyzed for homogeneous and bell-shaped intensity distributions.
Show AbstractThe near-IR luminescence of preliminarily undeformed SrS phosphors is investigated. It is shown that it belongs to the luminescence of $F^+$ centers and near-anionic vacancies. The ignition and extinction times of this luminescence are measured. The dependence of the change in luminescence intensity of $F^+$ centers and near-anionic vacancies under the action of the exciting light is established, and an explanation for the interrelationship between these centers is offered.
Show AbstractThe time for magnetic-field establishment in band lines under the action of eddy currents arising when a current difference is applied in a single band is investigated experimentally for the first time.
Show AbstractA new simple method of experimental determination of the instantaneous-velocity vector using a thermohydrometer is proposed. Constant monitoring of the measuring-apparatus parameters allows measurements to be made in a natural waterway flow.
Show AbstractThe role of the subprocess $2\to 3$ $qg\to \bar{c}cq$, when there are quarks and gluons in the initial state, in reactions of the hadronic creation of charmed particles is considered.
Show AbstractThe relation between the basic and meridional motion in a convective eddy is investigated. The velocity measurements are made by the method of laser anemometry. It is found that eddies of different kinds may be reduced to corresponding states.
Show AbstractBy means of a method based on the use of the quasiclassical quantization condition, the asymptotic formulas, $(r \to \infty)$ for the correction $\Delta V(r)$ to the reference potential $V(r)$ of retaining type - $(\lim_{r\to \infty} V(r) = \infty)$ - are obtained in the case of change in the number of states and shift of the energy levels in the spectrum of the radial Schr$\stackrel{..}{o}$dinger equation. In the proposed method, the correction $\Delta V(r)$ as $(r \to \infty)$ is determined from an integral equation of Abelian type, which differs significantly from the standard methods of the inverse problem of quantum mechanics associated with solving the Gel'fand-Levitan equations.
Show AbstractOn the basis of taking account of the asymptotic behavior of the free energy at small and large densities, phase transition in a system of solid spheres is described using series in terms of the density with improved convergence.
Show AbstractA preliminary analysis is made of the acoustical quantities of emission in critical conditions of the flow of an air current around the surface of a marine wave. It is shown that the displacement of the air-flow breakaway point over the surface of the marine wave in critical flow conditions may be a source of intrasound waves in the atmosphere above the oceans.
Show AbstractThe formulation of the properties of states with minimal entropy production such as to be an adequate generalization of the Le Chatelier principle is considered.
Show AbstractThe magnetic states in the alloy $Fe_{34}Cr_{41}Co_{25}$ are investigated by the methods of M$\stackrel{..}{o}$ssbauer spectroscopy and thermomagnetic analysis. It is established that in the alloy, with various thermomagnetic treatments (at temperature of 610°C, H = 5000 Oe, and f = 70 Hz), stratification of the solid solution into antiferromagnetic, ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic phases occurs as a result of the separation of the intraphase segregations with the most probable configurations of the local atomic surroundings, the distribution of the relative proportions of which depends on the form of heat treatment.
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