The history and modern state of the development of electron-beam accelerators at the Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics at Moscow State University and investigations with their use are considered.
Show AbstractThe role and contribution of academician Skobeltsyn to the establishment and development of nuclear physics research and the training of nuclear physicists at the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University are analysed. It is shown that the structure and style of nuclear physics teaching at Moscow State University have formed under the influence of Skobel'tsyn's ideas.
Show AbstractThe description of the Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) experiment and its main results are presented. The ATIC experiment is an important step in Galactic cosmic-ray investigations that use the direct methods that were first carried out in the PROTON experiment in the 1960s. We consider the contribution of the ATIC experiment to the understanding of the Galactic cosmic ray origin and propagation.
Show AbstractThe works by D.V. Skobel’tsyn that laid the foundation of the contemporary physics of cosmic rays and the physics of high energies are considered. Skobel’tsyn demonstrated that cosmic rays contain particles whose energy substantially surpasses the energies that are typical of radioactive decay, discovered the existence of air showers, i.e., when several particles hit an array simultaneously, and performed a series of investigations into extensive air showers that resulted in the discovery of a nuclear-cascade process in the atmosphere. The results that Skobel’tsyn obtained were of primary importance for the further development of cosmic-ray physics.
Show AbstractThe goals of measuring the polarization degree of an accelerator beam, controlling the luminosity, and providing spatial data on the reaction vertex were defined for the development of a detector system based on silicon tracking telescopes. The use of the developed techniques resulted in a time resolution of ∼1 ns and an accuracy of ∼1–2% for the reconstruction of the kinetic energy of outgoing protons and deuterons in a range of 1.5–50 MeV. The results of experimental and model studies demonstrate that the achieved high performance of the system can be applied to extend the field of physical research with the application of silicon tracking telescopes. This extension includes the experimental study of the issues of the spin physics of $pn$-interactions by detecting the low-energy products of the $pd\to ppn$, $pd\to pp\Delta^0$, and $\mathbf{pd}\to pd$ reactions with a novel experimental data.
Show AbstractA brief review of the results of the research in physics of the Earth’s magnetosphere leading to a substantial modification of the previously developed approaches is presented. The main emphasis is placed on physics of magnetospheric substorms and the nature of auroral arcs. It is shown that the formation of powerful electron beams that produce multiple arcs can be associated with the penetration of cold electrons of an ionospheric origin into the region of field-aligned acceleration of hot magnetospheric electrons.
Show AbstractThis study concerns the effect of the zone of a plane surface energy deposition on a gas-dynamic flow with a shock wave of M=2.3–2.7 in a channel with a rectangular cross section. The source of the pulsed energy is a distributed sliding nanosecond discharge that develops in an approximately 1-mm-thick layer on a surface of 100×30 mm$^2$. The results of a 3D numerical simulation of the problem on the basis of the Navier-Stokes equations for a compressed gas are presented and compared with the experimental shadow images.
Show AbstractThe possibility models of mathematical methods of morphological image analysis are considered. In particular, a solution of the possibility-theoretical image classification problem is obtained. The solution can be used for acoustic signal analysis in geophysics [1], satellite images interpretation [2], etc. Methods for the empirical reconstruction of fuzzy shapes are developed.
Show AbstractResults are presented from investigations into the conductivity of heterostructures based on two-dimensionally ordered (TDO) linear-chain carbon (LCC) in the form of Al-LCC-Al and $p$Si-LCC-Al. The Al-LCC-Al structure is shown to possess a nonlinear ohmic contact with a barrier height of around 0.7 eV. It is shown that an over-barrier (Schottky) mechanism of electron injection to LCC in the forward direction and a tunneling effect (Fowler-Nordheim tunnel injection mechanism) in the backward direction occur in the $p$Si-LCC-Al heterostructure.
Show AbstractNovel redox mediators are necessary in order to increase the efficiency and lifetime of dye-sensitized solar cells. In this work, complex copper and cobalt ions with phenanthroline and bipyridine ligands are studied in the quantum chemical aspect. New complexes with cyano bipyridine derivatives are studied. The redox potentials of the complexes and inner sphere reorganization energies are calculated.
Show AbstractWater clusters (Н$_2$О)$_6$ are simulated by the Monte Carlo method with the Metropolis function at various temperatures ($T_1=273$ K, $T_2=298$ K, and $T'_1=373$ K) and densities ($\rho_1=0.9998$ g/cm$^3$, $\rho_2=0.9167$ g/cm$^3$, and $\rho_3=0.00059$ g/cm$^3$) of the system. It is established that the number of retained most probable configuration types at $\rho_1=0.9998$ g/cm$^3$ during temperature transitions from $T_1=273$ K to $T_2=298$ K and from $T'_1=373$ K to $T_2=298$ K is smaller than at $\rho_1=0.9998$ g/cm$^3$. This result was acquired on the background of the following invariable parameters of the system with the same temperature transitions for each of three values of density: (i) the average number of retained most probable configuration types, (ii) the average fraction of weight coefficients of the most probable configuration types, and (iii) the average potential energy. The configuration type that was retained among the most probable configuration types of the system for all values of density ($\rho_1=0.9998$ g/cm$^3$, $\rho_2=0.9167$ g/cm$^3$, and $\rho_3=0.00059$ g/cm$^3$) of the system for temperature transitions from $T_1=273$ K to $T_2=298$ K and from $T_1'=373$ K to $T_2=298$ K was also revealed.
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