It is shown that an increase in the number of measurements does not reduce the precision of interpretation, while the reliability may either rise or fall. The necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence of reliability in terms of probability to zero and in terms of the distribution to the reliability of a precise model with aoproach by the measurement number to infinity are acquired.
Show AbstractAn asymptotic method is developed for calculating magnetic field perturbations caused by the presence of a screen with high electromagnetic permittivity. A numerical algorithm is proposed for its solution.
Show AbstractThe minimal root mean square error is calculated when restoring a useful signal $F_s(t)$ in experiments with test fields with minimal prior information $sup_{-\infty <t<\infty} | F_s | = F_0$. It is shown that the resolution of electromechanical converters based on a nonlinear reactive element in a mode of dynamic damping is limited only by fluctuations in the preamplifier with a known minimal noise temperature. Formulas are acquired for calculating the root mean square error in a minimax criterion.
Show AbstractTwo methods for studying the conductivity of a plasma of a pulsed microwave discharge are compared: in a direct current and at the frequency of the field which creates the charge. The first of them is valid regardless of the length or form of the channel of the microwave discharge in a waveguide and is not limited by the size of the skin effect. According to the estimate, the concentration of electrons in the channel of the microwave discharge in the conditions of the experiment at atmospheric pressure is $10^{16}-10^{17}$ cm$^{-3}$.
Show AbstractA method is described for synthesis of dual-component, multilayer optical coatings which operate with slanted light incidence. The method includes two stages: direct exhaustive search and minimization of the selected initial approximations. An effective method for calculating the gradient of the appraising functional is cited.
Show AbstractA method is examined for synthesizing optical coatings with assigned spectral characteristics. The method is based on the necessary conditions of system optimality and is especially effect when there is no known good initial approximation. Numerical examples of synthesis of broad band anti-reflecting coatings and light dividers are presented.
Show AbstractA method is proposed for calculating the statistical characteristics of nonlinear diffracting noise. The spatial noncohenence of the fields in problems of nonlinear acoustics is considered for the first time. An example of noise diffraction with a broad spectrum is examined. It illustrates the mutual effect of time and space statistics even in a linear approximation.
Show AbstractThe dimensionless value $\lambda = 150 (М/\rho)^{1/3}/r$, (M is the molar mass, $\rho$ is density, and r is the specific resistance in $\mu\Omega\cdot$cm), interpreted as the ratio of the mean length of the free range of electrons to the distance between the ions, is examined. A simple formula is found which describes the dependence of $\lambda$ on temperature and pressure through the dependence on density $(\rho) :\lambda = const\cdot \rho^2/(\rho_0-\rho)$, where $\rho_0$ is a parameter. It is shown that the discovered formula is suitable for describing the electrical conductivity of liquid and solid metals in a broad range of states.
Show AbstractOptimal two-pulse flights from a circular near-earth orbit onto an asymptotic trajectory which leads to a libration point $L_2$ are examined within a limited circular problem of three bodies. A method of many conical cross sections and Louden's base vector theory were used in building the pulsed trajectories. The minimal energy expenditures correspond to a 77-hour flight. The total expenditures are 3468.3 m/sec for this flight.
Show AbstractIt is shown that an additional static random field may be formed in a relaxation semiconductor under the effect of an external electrical field and light.
Show AbstractThe temperature relations of electrical conductivity, structure, and chemical compositon of $GdFe_2$ films of varying thickness produced in different modes of discharge with oscillating electrons are investigated. It is shown that the crystallization process is a function of the thickness of the film and not the discharge mode. An hysteresis path of the temperature relation of the electrical conductivity is detected and explained. Data from chemical analysis show that the crystallized films of $GdFe_2$ are resistant to the effect of air.
Show AbstractThe processes of trap recharging in an anode oxide on a GaAs surface with illumination are investigated using a method of contact difference in potentials. It is shown that the concentration of traps for electrons and holes and the degree of defectiveness of the transitional field are altered depending on the conditions for oxide production and subsequent processing. Hypotheses about the nature of hole capture centers are formulated.
Show AbstractThe dependences of optical charging of a germanium surface on the radiation exposure and temperature are studied in a broad range of intensities ($Р=10^{-4}-10^9 Вт/см^2$) and duration ($\tau = 3\cdot 10^{-11}-10^2с$) of light. It is shown that the value of the charge photoinjected into the oxide layer is determined by the exposure $P_{\tau}$ and is not a function of the intensity of the light. The temperature of the fine ($\sim$20 nm) surface layer of the sample is estimated directly at the moment of the laser pulse.
Show AbstractThe effect of correlation on the differential and integral cross sections of coherent Compton scatter in ideal crystals is theoretically examined. The dependence of the cross sections on the scattering angle, the quantum energy of the Compton scattering, the orientation of the scattering vector with respect to the inverse lattice vector, and on the order of reflection and the characteristic size of the electron shells is investigated. The results of the calculations may be used in formulating and interpreting experiments to observe coherent Compton scattering.
Show AbstractThe differential cross sections of the ($\gamma, 2е$) process in a helium atom are examined for energies of incident photons on the order of several hundred electronvolts. It is shown that consideration of interaction of three charged particles in the final state greatly effects the behavior of the curves of the angular correlations of finite electrons.
Show AbstractThe results of application of a technique for analyzing nonstationary processes in microwave (mw) electronics to a promising new class of mw instruments, which amplify and transform short and ultrashort electromagnetic field pulses, are presented. Nonstationary conditions of radiation which are nonlocal in time are presented.
Show AbstractAn interpretation is made of experimental spectroscopic data acquired previously using a biharmonic pumping method in organic solvent solutions. It is shown that although consideration of the effects of the non-Markovian state of the process of oscillational relaxation essentially does not change the estimates of the time of transverse relaxation, it does determine the dispersion of the nonlinear receptivity in the field of misalignments in the pumping frequencies on the order of 10 $cm^{-1}$.
Show AbstractAn antenna potential method is used to solve the problem of diffraction in a solid near a plane boundary. The results are cited of a numerical calculation of diffraction of the field of a planar wave and of a point source in a sphere and in an elongated ellipsoid near the plane.
Show AbstractThe dependence of the rates of magnetic relaxation of protons of water in protein and amino acid solutions on the pH of the solution was investigated. It is established that a change in the mean molecular charge greatly effects the relaxation rate.
Show AbstractIntercellular fluorescence of a photosensitizer-dye (hematoporphyrin) with its bonding with normal and malignant cells is investigated. The spatial distribution of the dye in a cell and the dependence of the intensity of the fluorescence of cells of the culture on curing time in the dye are studied, along with the effect of change in the acidity of the medium on the penetration of the porphyrin into the cell.
Show AbstractExtrinsic electroluminescence in GaAs: V is discovered at $\epsilon >7\cdot 10^3$ V/cm and T = 80-300 K. A close correspondence of the form of the bands of the electroluminescence to the absorption spectra in the range $h\nu \sim 1,1$ eV and the photoluminescence spectrum in the range $h\nu \sim 0,7$ eV is observed. It is shown that electroluminescence in the range of $\sim$0,7 eV is caused by intracenter transitions of the $V^0$ atoms, while in the $\sim$1.1 range it is caused by transitions of the $V^-$ atoms.
Show AbstractSolution is acquired for the Nazarov-Gurov equations for mutual diffusion with consideration of imbalanced vacancies for a special form of their initial distribution. The evolution of the curves of distribution of excess vacancies and deviation from the balanced value of the concentration of atoms of the A variety is shown for different parameter values.
Show AbstractOptical principles are used to analyze diffraction of X-rays in crystals with a constant deformation gradient. The physical interpretation of the scattering of the X-rays is based on construction of phase layers, whose interferential interaction explains the structure of the curves of diffraction reflection from crystals with a constant deformation gradient. This model may be used to build a starting approximation for solving inverse problems of restoring the structure of distorted near-surface layers.
Show AbstractThe angular relations of the coefficient of ion-electron emission of a copper monocrystal are studied with bombardment of a target near a series of directions and planes with low indices. It is established that even at the discharge depth of the secondary electrons there is a planar order to the target.
Show AbstractA method for Rayleigh scattering of M$\stackrel{..}{o}$ssbauer radiation is used to measure the anisotropic Debye-Waller factors for Sb and Bi monocrystals. The acquired results beneficially differ from the results of X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments thanks to the absence of a contribution from heat diffusion scattering. The results may be used to develop dynamic models of Sb and Bi crystals.
Show AbstractA sharp reduction is discovered in the intensity of photoluminescence in fields of a-Si:H films bordering on a metal. Electron diffraction is investigated to explain this effect. Correct normalization of the interferential function is used to calculate the radial functions of distribution. It was found that the samples differ in terms of the coordination numbers and the radii of the first coordinational sphere. Differences in the spectrum of the density of states of the a-Si:H layers on different substrates are associated with this.
Show AbstractMeasurements are performed of the temperature relations of the dielectric and pyroelectric properties of crystals of decahydrates of aluminomethylammonium alums near a temperature of 145 K. Based on the acquired results a conclusion is drawn about the existence at 145.3 K of an isostructural dipole ordering which may be associated with ordering of the $H_2O$ molecules or of the $CH_3NH_3$ groups.
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